Motion Gestalt for Screen Design:
Applied Theory of Grouping Principles for Visual Motion Integrity
© Jinsook Kim
Motion-Grouping Principles:
Motion-Similarity
Motion-Proximity
Motion-Good-continuation
Motion-Closure
Experiments
ViewerÕs ability to group the same speed and/or
direction as the elements of motion
http://www.motiongestalt.com/direhalf.mov
(Script) The two squares
are grouped because of the same configuration (similarity by shape). However,
the two squares are moving in different directions throughout the movie and one
square and a circle's directions are analogous. The experiment tried to observe
if subjects see the square and circle in a similar direction as a
group regarding Motion Similarity by Direction as opposed to similarity by
shape.
Motion-Similarity by Speed
ViewerÕs ability to group the same speed and/or
direction as the elements of motion
http://www.motiongestalt.com/speehalf.mov
(Script) One of squares and a circle are moving in the same speed. They are faster in movement than the other square. Two squares are supposed to be grouped in terms of the same configurations regarding similarity by shape. The experiment tried to observe if subjects saw as a group one of squares and a circle regarding Motion Similarity by Speed as opposed to similarity by shape.
Motion-Proximity
Viewer’s ability to group smooth and natural motion
by frequent and regular intervals of time
http://www.motiongestalt.com/proxhalf.mov
(Script) One sporadic motion and one consecutive motion were designed in Spatial Adjacency. Another consecutive motion was designed in Spatial Distance - the distance was maintained throughout the movie. The experiment tried to observe if subjects see the two consecutive motion events as a group regarding Motion Proximity against Spatial Distance.
Motion-Common-fate
ViewerÕs ability to group parallel movements and
the repetition of the cycles to strengthen the association of moving objects
http://www.motiongestalt.com/commhalf.mov
(Script) Four objects are moving
together in similar speed; the two squares and the two circles are grouping
throughout the movie because of the same configuration (similarity by shape).
Furthermore, the two circles are in Spatial Adjacency. However, three of them -
the two squares and the one of circles are moving in parallel in a repetitive
manner. The experiment tried to observe if subjects see the three of them
together separating from the other circle regarding Motion Common-fate as
opposed to similarity by shape and Spatial Adjacency at the same time on
screen.
Motion-Good-continuation
ViewerÕs ability to track causation as a syntax of
motion events––it overcomes time gaps
http://www.motiongestalt.com/goodhalf.mov
(Script) Three objects are
moving together. They are two circles and a square in the same size and color.
The two circles are constant in their status of moving while a square appears
randomly. The two circles are grouped because of the same configuration
(similarity by speed) as well as the nature of their movement - they are
constant. However, the square appears spontaneously in relation to a causative
reason associated with one of circles such that every time one of the circles
changes its angle to turn to the left side edge, the square appears, and it
disappears when the circle comes back to the original position where the circle
changed angle, or vice versa. The experiment tried to observe if subjects saw
one of circles and a square as a group regarding Motion Good-continuation
against similarity by shape and one of simple status of moving - contiguous
(for the two circles).
Motion-Closure
ViewerÕs ability to summarize motion events in
terms of abbreviation of passages
http://www.motiongestalt.com/closhalf.mov
(Script) Four objects are
moving together with different speed and direction; they have the same size,
but they have variety in color as well as in the movement. There are two
squares and two circles. The squares are moving in parallel, but the circles,
and sometimes all of them are moving together in the same speed and direction.
The squares move drastically down from the top in regular fashion, and slightly
shake themselves several times during the trip to the top again. The circles
are moving around the squares with different speeds, and with many behavioral
changes. The experiment tried to observe if movements that are more significant
subsume other less significant movements by the viewers.
Dominance
Dominance of one
principle to another among the five primary principles is established. The
discussion expects to legitimate the possibility of Gestalt in motion regarding
a valid extension of a gestalt theory for screen design.
Motion-Proximity vs. Motion-Common-fate
http://www.motiongestalt.com/proxvscomm.mov
(Script) Viewers are visually oriented
by interactive information, i.e., emerging and merging, and describe a
replication event coordinated by parallel movement regarding Motion Common-fate
rather than individual instances from ISI regarding Motion Proximity. Analysis
of the experiment shows significant dominance over Motion Proximity by Motion
Common-fate.
Motion-Proximity vs. Motion-Similarity by Direction
http://www.motiongestalt.com/proxvsdire.mov
(Script) A series of three perfect squares of the
same color are moving. Motion Similarity by direction versus Motion Proximity
concerns grouping by directional characters over choppy movement. Viewers
recover imperfect movement owing to longer ISI by grouping through same
direction in space and time. The finding is suggestive for merging multiple
directions into a specified directional character to identify or summarize
numerous directional characters, but more study is required to establish a
definitive answer.
Motion-Similarity by
Direction vs. Motion-Good-continuation
http://www.motiongestalt.com/direvsgood.mov
(Script) Four objects had one major direction; up and down movement. The movement altered when another
event, such as periodic movements joined and reproduced a causal relation among
the objects. While an indication of a major direction importantly appeared in
the subjectsÕ reports, they highlighted the causal relationship with the circle,
square and the other square. Motion
Similarity by direction versus Motion Good-continuation concerns grouping
by the instances of causation over directional relations in space and time.
http://www.motiongestalt.com/abstract.htm
Link to Dissertation
https://www.academia.edu/636280/Motion_Gestalt_for_Screen_Design_theory
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